Larry Callahan | Chief Scientist
Autopoiesis Sciences

Dr. Larry Callahan is Chief Scientist at Autopoiesis Sciences, an AI research lab building systems capable of autonomous scientific discovery. He leads the scientific vision behind the company's flagship platforms, including Aristotle, an AI co-scientist that achieved 92.4% accuracy on GPQA Diamond, a PhD-level scientific reasoning benchmark, and 96.1% on SimpleQA, OpenAI's factuality benchmark, outperforming leading AI systems while addressing the calibration problem that limits most reasoning models; and Columbus-1, the company's first autonomous research system, trained on scientific judgment. A chemist by training, Dr. Callahan earned his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Chicago. His career spans nucleic acid chemistry, HIV research, and the development of analytical methods for biotechnology-derived products. He has held pivotal scientific and management roles at the FDA, NIH, and the United States Pharmacopeia, where his innovations advanced research infrastructure and improved standards in pharmaceutical science. Dr. Callahan is the primary editor of the ISO 11238 substance identification standard (IDMP) and led the development of the Global Substance Registration System (GSRS), the FDA framework that assigns unique identifiers to every substance in FDA-regulated products and links them to clinical trials, products, and adverse events. He currently serves as platform lead for the Global Substance Knowledge System (GSKS), which extends the GSRS framework by integrating Aristotle's AI co-scientist capabilities to structure and enrich substance data. The GSKS is designed to enhance drug discovery, clinical studies, regulatory submissions, global supply chain integrity, and medication management.